Cartesian to polar

Convert rectangular coordinates (x, y) to polar coordinates (r, θ).

x =y =

r = √(x² + y²) — distance from origin.

θ = arctan(y/x) — angle from positive x-axis (adjust for quadrant).

(3, 4): r = √(9+16) = 5, θ = arctan(4/3) ≈ 53.13° → (5, 53.13°).